Commercial exploitation and abrupt changes of the natural conditions may have severe impacts on the Arctic deep-sea ecosystem. The present recolonisation experiment mimicked a situation after a catastrophic disturbance (e. g. by turbidites caused by destabilised continental slopes after methane hydrate decomposition) and investigated whether the recolonisation of a deep-sea habitat by meiobenthic organisms is fostered by variations in nutrition and/or sediment structure. Two "Sediment Tray Free Vehicles" were deployed for 1 year in summer 2003 at 2,500 m water depth in the Arctic deep-sea in the eastern Fram Strait. The recolonisation trays were filled with different artificial and natural sediment types (glass beads, sand, sediment mixture, pure deep-sea sediment) and were enriched with various types of food (algae, yeast, fish). After 1 year, meiobenthos abundances and various sediment-related environmental parameters were investigated. Foraminifera were generally the most successful group: they dominated all treatments and accounted for about 87 % of the total meiobenthos. Colonising meiobenthos specimens were generally smaller compared to those in the surrounding deep-sea sediment, suggesting an active recolonisation by juveniles. Although experimental treatments with fine-grained, algae-enriched sediment showed abundances closest to natural conditions, the results suggest that food availability was the main determining factor for a successful recolonisation by meiobenthos, and the structure of recolonised sediments was shown to have a subordinate influence. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.