High-resolution seismic reflection data were interpreted to develop a model for the Neogene sedimentation in the Congo Fan area. Identification of two reflectors representing marine isotope stages 6 and 12 allows a distinction between the Early and the Late Quaternary. A single sediment source system during the Late Paleogene/Early Neogene gradually changes into a two sediment source system in the Late Neogene. Since the Late Quaternary, the Congo River has been the prevailing sediment source. The evolving Benguela Current further modified the system and led to a high biogenic productivity. Evidence for gas in the sediments can be found in the whole area of investigation. Additionally, indications for a tectonic control of the Congo Canyon have been found in the distribution of sedimentary units and thicknesses.