Evaluation of CryoSat-2 derived sea-ice freeboard over fast ice in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica


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Veit.Helm [ at ] awi.de

Abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Using in situ data from 2011 and 2013, we evaluate the ability of CryoSat-2 (CS-2) to retrieve sea-ice freeboard over fast ice in McMurdo Sound. This provides the first systematic validation of CS-2 in the coastal Antarctic and offers insight into the assumptions currently used to process CS-2 data. European Space Agency Level 2 (<jats:italic>ESAL2</jats:italic>) data are compared with results of a Waveform Fitting (<jats:italic>WfF</jats:italic>) procedure and a Threshold-First-Maximum-Retracker-Algorithm employed at 40% (<jats:italic>TFMRA40</jats:italic>). A supervised freeboard retrieval procedure is used to reduce errors associated with sea surface height identification and radar velocity in snow. We find <jats:italic>ESAL2</jats:italic> freeboards located between the ice and snow freeboard rather than the frequently assumed snow/ice interface. <jats:italic>WfF</jats:italic> is within 0.04 m of the ice freeboard but is influenced by variable snow conditions causing increased radar backscatter from the air/snow interface. Given such snow conditions and additional uncertainties in sea surface height identification, a positive bias of 0.14 m away from the ice freeboard is observed. <jats:italic>TFMRA40</jats:italic> freeboards are within 0.03 m of the snow freeboard. The separation of freeboard estimates is primarily driven by the different assumptions of each retracker, although waveform alteration by variations in snow properties and surface roughness is evident. Techniques are amended where necessary, and automatic freeboard retrieval procedures for <jats:italic>ESAL2</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>WfF</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>TFMRA40</jats:italic> are presented. CS-2 detects annual fast-ice freeboard trends using all three automatic procedures that are in line with known sea-ice growth rates in the region.</jats:p>



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Eprint ID
37663
DOI https://www.doi.org/10.3189/2015jog14j157

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Price, D. , Beckers, J. , Ricker, R. , Kurtz, N. , Rack, W. , Haas, C. , Helm, V. , Hendricks, S. , Leonard, G. and Langhorne, P. , Gateway Antarctica, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand, Department of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany, Cryospheric Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA, Department of Earth, Space Science and Engineering, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, School of Surveying, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand, Department of Physics, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand (2015): Evaluation of CryoSat-2 derived sea-ice freeboard over fast ice in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica , Journal of Glaciology, 61 (226), pp. 285-300 . doi: https://www.doi.org/10.3189/2015jog14j157


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