The sea ice core texture, and 302 groups of ice core temperature, salinity, density, chlorophyll a (Chl-a) as well as phaeophytin, Chl-a under ice from Northern West of Weddell Sea, Antarctica during the period between winter and spring of 2006 were statistically analyzed. The contributions of snow/ice thickness, ice temperature, ice salinity and ice density to the Chl-a content in ice and Chl-a blooms under ice were determined. The snow/ice thickness effect on the Chl-a blooms under the ice due to light absorption was determined. The relationship between the activity of ice algae cells and brine volume (function of ice temperature and ice salinity) in ice was investigated following the principle of environment control on the ecological balance. The statistical analysis not only revealed the relationship between the upper limits of Chl-a and brine volume in Logistic model, but also showed that granular and columnar ice crystals affect the brine drainage. The 4.3% of the index of active algal cells less than 0.5 showed that the physical properties of sea ice not only affect the Chl-a blooms near ice bottom and at the ice-water interface in the austral Spring, but also are a key control element modulating the marine phytoplankton bloom in the ice covered waters around Antarctica.