Implications of upper Quaternary stable isotope records of marine ostracodes and benthic foraminifers for paleoecological and paleoceanographical Investigations
A sediment core, covering marine isotope stages (MIS) 7 to 1, and several surface sediment samples, all from the Iceland Plateau, were investigated for deep-sea ostracode carbon and oxygen isotopes. In contrast to the benthic foraminiferal species Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi and Oridorsalis umbonatus, which both display well-known negative offsets from the oxygen isotope value of the equilibrium calcite, the investigated ostracode genera Krithe and Henryhowella reveal positive offsets. We calculated an offset of about +1.4 %o for Krithe and about +0.4 %o for Henryhowella with respect to the equilibrium calcite. Downcore isotope analyses revealed differences between the oxygen isotope records of the infaunal-living foraminiferal species O. umbonatus and the epifaunal-living species C. wuellerstorfi during periods of increased deposition of IRD (iceberg rafted debris). These differences between infaunal and epifaunal oxygen isotope signals have been recognized before within the area of the Nordic Seas and were likely caused by environmental conditions during late MIS 6 and MIS 2, affecting mainly the epifaunal-living taxa. The oxygen isotope record of Henryhowella reveals the same trend as the record of C. wuellerstorfi, whereas the oxygen isotope records of Krithe and O. umbonatus are parallel to each other. This suggests an epifaunal habitat for Henryhowella and an infaunal habitat for Krithe, which is in agreement with the faunal abundance data as well as with other ostracode studies. The carbon isotope records of Henryhowella and O. umbonatus display a globally observed trend of low δ13C values during the glacial and high values during the interglacial periods, whereas the δ13C record of Krithe shows no such climate-related trend, probably due to strong vital effects.