Snow patches in nival landscapes and their role for the ice complex formation in the Laptev sea coastal lowlands
Nival landscapes with snow patches are found all over in the Laptev Sea coastal lowlands and the surrounding mountains. Some of them seem to be perennially. Several snow patches were comprehensively studied in order to obtain data about structure, occurring processes, new-formed deposits and the vegetation connected with this landscape. Therefore, the new terms "chiononoconite" as niveo-eolian mixture of clastic grains and plant detritus and "extranivities" for nival deposits outside snow patch areas are created. Analytical characteristics of snow patches and their deposits are given by contents of dry residues in snow patches, the hydrochemistry of snow and melt-water and the grain size distribution of clastic detritus. The plant associations of two nival meadows and the determination of mosses and lichens found around snow patches are presented. Four different geomorphologic types of snow patches are classified. The studied phenomena and processes in recent nival landscapes are compared with those of Late Quaternary Ice Complex deposits, covering large areas in the Laptev Sea coastal zone. A possible nival genesis is supposed.